Another Attempt at Measures of Extraversion-Introversion

as the point of reference in relation to the object, thereby giving to the subject an evaluation higher than that of the object. "As a result, the object always possesses a lower value; it has a secondary importance; occasionally it even represents merely an outward objective token of a subjective content, the embodiment of an idea in other words, in which, however, the idea is the essential factor; or it is the object of a feeling, where, however, the feeling experience is the chief thing, and not the object in its own individuality" (p. 12). The Extravert, on the other hand, is characterized by the opposite attitude, giving primary emphasis to the object and "... the subjective process appears at times merely as a disturbing or superfluous accessory to objective events" (p. 12). Jung conceives these two attitudes essentially as mechanisms, both of which are possessed by every individual. Inherent constitution together with circumstances under which one lives may favor one of these mechanisms to the neglect of the other, and when the predominance of one mechanism is established so that it is operative to the relative exclusion of the other, Jung speaks of a type